There are three classes of professors and French universities: second, first, and exceptional. I understand that within each class there are several ranks which seem to be based mostly on time since becoming professor.

What I am wondering is what are the conditions for switching to a higher class. Is it necessary to go through all the ranks in each class?

Also, is it possible to become directly professor or should one become first "Maitre des conferences"?

There are three classes of professors in French universities: second, first, and exceptional. I understand that within each class there are several ranks which seem to be based mostly on time since becoming professor.

What I am wondering is what are the conditions for switching to a higher class. Is it necessary to go through all the ranks in each class?

Also, is it possible to become directly professor or should one become first "Maitre des conferences"?