when a directory URL is requested, including the home/root directory of a site, the server should provide an index of the requested directory.
in some cases this may be an auto-generated list of files contained in the requested directory.
on most servers, you may specify and provide a default directory index document for each or any directory.
by convention this file has typically been named "index", with the file extension typically based on the implemented technology, although you may typically specify and use any arbitrary name.
(i.e. index.html, index.htm, index.php, index.cgi, etc)
In an Apache configuration, the DirectoryIndex directive would be used to specify the default directory index document.
mod_dir [httpd.apache.org]