This question is related to: Homebrew gives SSL error (SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL) on home network
As Alexander Ekdahl points out in the comments, adding --ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 fixes the above problem.
I am not sure why curl won't work on my home network without me specifying the ciphers. Regardless, to solve this problem is there a way for me to specify that curl should use this option everytime it makes a request without me having to manually add the ciphers option everytime?