I have written an article on this matter. You can find it here.
I have described a process of redirecting network traffic from a specific machine through a SOCKS5 proxy using Redsocks and specific configuration of iptables rules.
Furthermore, I have the same router as you have.
In short here are the rules that you need to apply on your router to get traffic redirected to a proxifying machine.
#!/bin/sh
PROXIFYING_MACHINE=192.168.0.145
MACHINE_TO_PROXIFY=192.168.0.113
iptables -I PREROUTING 1 -t mangle -s $MACHINE_TO_PROXIFY ! -d `nvram get lan_ipaddr`/`nvram get lan_netmask` -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j MARK --set-mark 3
iptables -I PREROUTING 2 -t mangle -s $MACHINE_TO_PROXIFY ! -d `nvram get lan_ipaddr`/`nvram get lan_netmask` -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j CONNMARK --save-mark
iptables -I PREROUTING 3 -t mangle -s $MACHINE_TO_PROXIFY ! -d `nvram get wan_ipaddr` -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j MARK --set-mark 3
iptables -I PREROUTING 4 -t mangle -s $MACHINE_TO_PROXIFY ! -d `nvram get wan_ipaddr` -p tcp -m multiport --dports 80,443 -j CONNMARK --save-mark
ip rule add fwmark 3 table 13
ip route add default via $PROXIFYING_MACHINE table 13
Hope this helps.