The SuperSpeedSuperSpeed transfer mode requires a USB 3.0 or higher cable. Earlier spec cables will still make a connection but at a slower rate.
Source 1: USB 3.0 - Wikipedia
The VBUS, D−, D+, and GND pins are required for USB 2.0 communication. The additional USB 3.0 pins are two differential pairs and one ground (GND_DRAIN). The two additional differential pairs are for SuperSpeed data transfer; they are used for full duplex SuperSpeed signaling.
Source 2: USB 3.0 Super Speeds - USRobotics
USB 2.0 cables can be used with 3.0 ports but the transfer rate will fall back to 2.0
Source 3: Are USB 3.0 cables different? - Answers - UserBenchmark
Yes, to get USB 3.0 speeds, you need special USB 3.0 cables. Yes, USB 3.0 cables are different. Even though you can connect a USB 3.0 device via a USB 2.0 cable, in order to achieve full USB 3.0 speeds you need to re-wire any existing cabling. USB 3.0 cables are generally thicker because they have nine internal wires versus four on USB 2.0 cables.