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tarhas an ability to compress the files while adding them to the archive. Second, you wrote incorrectly thattardoesn't support random access: see the--seekoption.zipis an excellent option for what I am looking for, and I might use it. Regarding extracting a single file for a gzip-compressedtararchive, the command would be:tar xfz archive.tgz path/in/archive/to/fileseekis an ability of the tar program to be used with archive formats that support random access, the tar archive format itself isn't designed for random access. ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_%28computing%29#Random_access ) ( duplicity.nongnu.org/new_format.html#nottar ) It is possible to extract individual files from a tar, but this requires scanning the whole archive first to find them because there is no central catelogue. ( arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=16&t=409016 )