After quite a bit of digging I stumbled on a solution. Using Disk Management set the Disk to Offline then Online and it will be accessible again.
Right-click on the Disk, not the Volume, where it says:
Disk 1
Basic
931.51 GB
Online
After right-clicking, select Offline from the context menu. The disk will how look like this:
Disk 1
Basic
931.51 GB
Offline (i)
Once again, right-click and select Online. The volume for the disk will now be listed as Healthy (Primary Partition).
This happened to work in my case, but it won't work with every volume stuck in GPT Protective Partition. Since it is so simple and shouldn't do any damage, it is worth a shot.