Usually the change is not temporary. It is permanent till next cd/pushd/popd.

F: changes current drive to F:

cd F:\ changes current path on drive F: to root (\), does not change current drive

cd \folder changes current drive path to folder folder at the top of the hierarchy

cd folder changes current drive path to subfolder folder in current folder

cd /d C:\Windows changes current drive and folder to C: and \Windows respectively

cd .. changes current folder one level up

Answering the questions:

1. It is used once for one folder, but command pushd or popd may change this current folder.
2. Look above for my explanations.

Usually the change is not temporary. It is permanent till next cd/pushd/popd.

F: changes current drive to F:

cd F:\ changes current path on drive F: to root (\), does not change current drive

cd \folder changes current drive path to folder folder at the top of the hierarchy

cd folder changes current drive path to subfolder folder in current folder

cd /d C:\Windows changes current drive and folder to C: and \Windows respectively

cd .. changes current folder one level up

cd \ changes current folder to root (\) on current drive

Answering the questions:

1. It is used once for one folder, but command pushd or popd may change this current folder.
2. Look above for my explanations.