You can also update both kernel and userland on the mounted image. Use the variable DESTDIR. See the thread Building FreeBSD to install or update in two DESTDIRs.
Don't forget to umount the image and destroy the mdconfig unit.
See the forum mount an image file and change contents.
Select the correct image. See the forum Confusion with installers of ISO Disc Images on download FreeBSD!
Example
- Create memory disk /dev/md0 from the image
shell> mdconfig -a -t vnode -u 0 -f FreeBSD-13.1-RELEASE-amd64.raw
- Show the partitions
shell> gpart show /dev/md0
=> 3 10552467 md0 GPT (5.0G)
3 123 1 freebsd-boot (62K)
126 66584 2 efi (33M)
66710 2097152 3 freebsd-swap (1.0G)
2163862 8388608 4 freebsd-ufs (4.0G)
- Mount the partition to /mnt and list the directory
shell> mount -t ufs /dev/md0p4 /mnt
shell> ll /mnt
total 176
drwxr-xr-x 18 root wheel 512 May 12 11:58 ./
drwxr-xr-x 24 root wheel 1024 Aug 21 16:05 ../
-rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 1023 May 12 11:45 .cshrc
-rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 507 May 12 11:45 .profile
-r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 6109 May 12 11:58 COPYRIGHT
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 May 12 11:55 bin/
drwxr-xr-x 14 root wheel 1536 May 12 11:58 boot/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 dev/
drwxr-xr-x 28 root wheel 2048 May 12 11:59 etc/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 May 12 11:59 firstboot
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 2048 May 12 11:55 lib/
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 512 May 12 11:55 libexec/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 media/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 mnt/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 net/
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 proc/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 2560 May 12 11:55 rescue/
drwxr-x--- 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:58 root/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 3072 May 12 11:56 sbin/
drwxrwxrwt 2 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 tmp/
drwxr-xr-x 14 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 usr/
drwxr-xr-x 24 root wheel 512 May 12 11:39 var/
- Install the package sqlite3 within the specified root directory /mnt
shell> pkg -r /mnt install sqlite3
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
Fetching meta.conf: 100% 163 B 0.2kB/s 00:01
Fetching packagesite.pkg: 100% 6 MiB 1.7MB/s 00:04
Processing entries: 100%
FreeBSD repository update completed. 31759 packages processed.
All repositories are up to date.
The following 2 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked):
New packages to be INSTALLED:
libedit: 3.1.20210910,1
sqlite3: 3.39.0,1
Number of packages to be installed: 2
The process will require 6 MiB more space.
1 MiB to be downloaded.
Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y
[1/2] Fetching sqlite3-3.39.0,1.pkg: 100% 1 MiB 1.4MB/s 00:01
[2/2] Fetching libedit-3.1.20210910,1.pkg: 100% 136 KiB 138.9kB/s 00:01
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting)
[1/2] Installing libedit-3.1.20210910,1...
[1/2] Extracting libedit-3.1.20210910,1: 100%
[2/2] Installing sqlite3-3.39.0,1...
[2/2] Extracting sqlite3-3.39.0,1: 100%
- Take a look at the installed files
shell> for file in `pkg -r /mnt info -l sqlite3 | grep /usr/local`; do ll /mnt/$file; done
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1727552 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/bin/sqldiff*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1960488 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/bin/sqlite3*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 613415 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/include/sqlite3.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 37310 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/include/sqlite3ext.h
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 19 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so@ -> libsqlite3.so.0.8.6
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 19 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so.0@ -> libsqlite3.so.0.8.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1750208 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 297 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/libdata/pkgconfig/sqlite3.pc
-r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 3596 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/man/man1/sqlite3.1.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 55 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/share/licenses/sqlite3-3.39.0,1/LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 71 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/share/licenses/sqlite3-3.39.0,1/PD
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 180 Aug 11 03:12 /mnt//usr/local/share/licenses/sqlite3-3.39.0,1/catalog.mk
- Umount the image and destroy the vnode
shell> umount /mnt
shell> mdconfig -l
md0
shell> mdconfig -d -u 0
shell> mdconfig -l
