First off you're running 1909 so go here and download the manual update tool to get you current and run it: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10%20
If this does notfails to fix yourthe issue or failsskip to the last paragraph for a potential solution. If this failed to update Windows then try the in-place upgrade method (2nd option at the above URL). Basically download and run the 2nd option then when prompted choose the Upgrade PC Now
option. harrymc provided a good instruction source here: https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/16397-repair-install-windows-10-place-upgrade.html
If that still fails to update then you should research doing an upgrade install from boot USB or just do a fresh install as things arein Windows have to be pretty broken if both fail.
As far as the error you posted, the faulting module is ucrtbase.dll
and I read that the quick launch cache may be to blame. You can try deleting all files *.automaticDestinations-ms
from the following directory: %AppData%\Microsoft\Windows\Recent\AutomaticDestinations