I recently had a very strange USB-related problem in Windows 10, and after a lot of fighting I realized the culprit was a corrupted registry.
You could try to perform an automatic repair on your registry: https://neosmart.net/wiki/fix-registry/#Run_Automatic_Repair-2
Also, try to repair other corrupted system files with sfc /scannow via command line. Instructions can be found here: https://www.howtogeek.com/222532/how-to-repair-corrupted-windows-system-files-with-the-sfc-and-dism-commands/