The diet and 15-year death rate in the seven countries study
- PMID: 3776973
- DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114480
The diet and 15-year death rate in the seven countries study
Abstract
In 15 cohorts of the Seven Countries Study, comprising 11,579 men aged 40-59 years and "healthy" at entry, 2,288 died in 15 years. Death rates differed among cohorts. Differences in mean age, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and smoking habits "explained" 46% of variance in death rate from all causes, 80% from coronary heart disease, 35% from cancer, and 45% from stroke. Death rate differences were unrelated to cohort differences in mean relative body weight, fatness, and physical activity. The cohorts differed in average diets. Death rates were related positively to average percentage of dietary energy from saturated fatty acids, negatively to dietary energy percentage from monounsaturated fatty acids, and were unrelated to dietary energy percentage from polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and alcohol. All death rates were negatively related to the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids. Inclusion of that ratio with age, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and smoking habits as independent variables accounted for 85% of variance in rates of deaths from all causes, 96% coronary heart disease, 55% cancer, and 66% stroke. Oleic acid accounted for almost all differences in monounsaturates among cohorts. All-cause and coronary heart disease death rates were low in cohorts with olive oil as the main fat. Causal relationships are not claimed but consideration of characteristics of populations as well as of individuals within populations is urged in evaluating risks.
Similar articles
-
Comparative ecologic relationships of saturated fat, sucrose, food groups, and a Mediterranean food pattern score to 50-year coronary heart disease mortality rates among 16 cohorts of the Seven Countries Study.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018 Aug;72(8):1103-1110. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0183-1. Epub 2018 May 17. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018. PMID: 29769748
-
Baseline fatty acids, food groups, a diet score and 50-year all-cause mortality rates. An ecological analysis of the Seven Countries Study.Ann Med. 2017 Dec;49(8):718-727. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1372622. Epub 2017 Sep 6. Ann Med. 2017. PMID: 28847158
-
How the Seven Countries Study contributed to the definition and development of the Mediterranean diet concept: a 50-year journey.Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 Mar;25(3):245-52. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.12.001. Epub 2014 Dec 12. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015. PMID: 25650160 Review.
-
Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in Europe.Public Health Nutr. 2001 Apr;4(2B):441-57. doi: 10.1079/phn2001133. Public Health Nutr. 2001. PMID: 11683540 Review.
-
Inter-cohort differences in coronary heart disease mortality in the 25-year follow-up of the seven countries study.Eur J Epidemiol. 1993 Sep;9(5):527-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00209531. Eur J Epidemiol. 1993. PMID: 8307138
Cited by
-
The Lipid-Heart Hypothesis and the Keys Equation Defined the Dietary Guidelines but Ignored the Impact of Trans-Fat and High Linoleic Acid Consumption.Nutrients. 2024 May 11;16(10):1447. doi: 10.3390/nu16101447. Nutrients. 2024. PMID: 38794685 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The Essence of Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Health and Diseases Treated by Photodynamic Therapy.Biomedicines. 2024 Apr 26;12(5):961. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12050961. Biomedicines. 2024. PMID: 38790923 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effect of virgin olive oil as spreadable preparation on atherosclerosis compared to dairy butter in Apoe-deficient mice.J Physiol Biochem. 2024 May 24. doi: 10.1007/s13105-024-01029-8. Online ahead of print. J Physiol Biochem. 2024. PMID: 38787512
-
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and its association with gastric cancer: health benefits from a Planeterranean perspective.J Transl Med. 2024 May 21;22(1):483. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05176-w. J Transl Med. 2024. PMID: 38773621 Free PMC article. Review.
-
[Research Progress of the Effect of Mediterranean Diet on the Correlation of Lung Cancer].Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2024 Apr 20;27(4):299-305. doi: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.106.09. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2024. PMID: 38769833 Free PMC article. Review. Chinese.
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical