BCAA Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity - Dysregulated by Metabolic Status?
- PMID: 29377510
- DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700756
BCAA Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity - Dysregulated by Metabolic Status?
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) appear to influence several synthetic and catabolic cellular signaling cascades leading to altered phenotypes in mammals. BCAAs are most notably known to increase protein synthesis through modulating protein translation, explaining their appeal to resistance and endurance athletes for muscle hypertrophy, expedited recovery, and preservation of lean body mass. In addition to anabolic effects, BCAAs may increase mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle and adipocytes, possibly enhancing oxidative capacity. However, elevated circulating BCAA levels have been correlated with severity of insulin resistance. It is hypothesized that elevated circulating BCAAs observed in insulin resistance may result from dysregulated BCAA degradation. This review summarizes original reports that investigated the ability of BCAAs to alter glucose uptake in consequential cell types and experimental models. The review also discusses the interplay of BCAAs with other metabolic factors, and the role of excess lipid (and possibly energy excess) in the dysregulation of BCAA catabolism. Lastly, this article provides a working hypothesis of the mechanism(s) by which lipids may contribute to altered BCAA catabolism, which often accompanies metabolic disease.
Keywords: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; isoleucine; leucine; type 2 diabetes; valine.
© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Similar articles
-
Diabetes and branched-chain amino acids: What is the link?J Diabetes. 2018 May;10(5):350-352. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12645. Epub 2018 Feb 13. J Diabetes. 2018. PMID: 29369529
-
Branched-chain amino acid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and liver fat response to exercise training in sedentary dysglycaemic and normoglycaemic men.Diabetologia. 2021 Feb;64(2):410-423. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05296-0. Epub 2020 Oct 29. Diabetologia. 2021. PMID: 33123769 Free PMC article.
-
Restoration of metabolic health by decreased consumption of branched-chain amino acids.J Physiol. 2018 Feb 15;596(4):623-645. doi: 10.1113/JP275075. Epub 2017 Dec 27. J Physiol. 2018. PMID: 29266268 Free PMC article.
-
The Effects of BCAAs on Insulin Resistance in Athletes.J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2019;65(5):383-389. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.65.383. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2019. PMID: 31666474 Review.
-
Branched Chain Amino Acids in Metabolic Disease.Curr Diab Rep. 2018 Aug 15;18(10):76. doi: 10.1007/s11892-018-1048-7. Curr Diab Rep. 2018. PMID: 30112615 Review.
Cited by
-
Clinical applications and mechanism insights of natural flavonoids against type 2 diabetes mellitus.Heliyon. 2024 Apr 16;10(9):e29718. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29718. eCollection 2024 May 15. Heliyon. 2024. PMID: 38694079 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Exploration of nutritional and bioactive peptide properties in goat meat from various primal cuts during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and absorption.Anim Biosci. 2024 Jun;37(6):1096-1109. doi: 10.5713/ab.23.0352. Epub 2024 Apr 1. Anim Biosci. 2024. PMID: 38575133 Free PMC article.
-
Standard Doses of Cholecalciferol Reduce Glucose and Increase Glutamine in Obesity-Related Hypertension: Results of a Randomized Trial.Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 18;25(6):3416. doi: 10.3390/ijms25063416. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. PMID: 38542390 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Physiological adaption, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets.Chin Med J (Engl). 2024 Apr 20;137(8):936-948. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003075. Epub 2024 Mar 25. Chin Med J (Engl). 2024. PMID: 38527931 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Predictive Ability of Serum Amino Acid Levels to Differentiate Fibromyalgia Patients from Healthy Subjects.Mol Diagn Ther. 2024 Jan;28(1):113-128. doi: 10.1007/s40291-023-00677-8. Epub 2023 Oct 16. Mol Diagn Ther. 2024. PMID: 37843759
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources